tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6894653909715242312024-02-18T23:18:09.954-08:00Online Shopping45THE TECH MASTER , ismail 45 Online Shopping45
Online Shopping 45 , SHOPPING , earn , EARN ,ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.comBlogger13125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-21229220030535895662017-11-14T02:36:00.001-08:002017-11-14T02:36:00.338-08:00funny dance, funny dance video.best funny dance steps, funny dance ban...<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="270" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XYIJF1YicDU" width="480"></iframe>ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-17466054942996767092017-07-22T09:44:00.001-07:002017-07-22T10:03:53.574-07:00<div class="articleBodyText version-2 section" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Austin News Text Semibold', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.5px;">
<div class="article-body-text component version-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 82.33333px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="component-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
ore than 200 sheep have died after they hurtled over the edge of a cliff in the Pyrenees mountains while being chased by a bear.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
Their deaths have reignited the bitter debate over the presence of bears in the mountain range that straddles the French-Spanish border, where they were reintroduced 20 years ago after disappearing in the early 1990s.</div>
<div data-mediaconductor-processed="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
The sheep belonged to a farmer in the Couflens area on the French side of the border, but their bodies were found last Sunday at the foot of a cliff just over the border in Spain.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyUo3yOIeZDLq9jBA1bQF1wgtl297RLASnoI_wkDAAyx-3ZGb8Ykjl6lPPOfRKN8_6z_wXD9YYmk1xRcvap9PFKUnL57ImwPnSWD-1rlth74q4xrtLISsvjdtcz4YV_104NNpgJGq5qULP/s1600/sf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="729" data-original-width="1296" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyUo3yOIeZDLq9jBA1bQF1wgtl297RLASnoI_wkDAAyx-3ZGb8Ykjl6lPPOfRKN8_6z_wXD9YYmk1xRcvap9PFKUnL57ImwPnSWD-1rlth74q4xrtLISsvjdtcz4YV_104NNpgJGq5qULP/s320/sf.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
The rest of the large flock was missing after dispersing over the mountains while fleeing the attack.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
Local authorities sent experts to examine the scene during the week and they concluded that the sheep had been running away from a bear.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
The sheep’s owner will be compensated for each of the 209 animals found dead, which is standard practice in such cases as part of the deal made between the government and farmers when brown bears from Slovenia were introduced in the late 1990s.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
But the deaths provoked an angry statement from the militant Confédération Paysanne (Farmers’ Federation) which demanded immediate action to stop deadly attacks by bears on livestock.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dynamicMpu section" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Austin News Text Semibold', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.5px;">
<div class="js-advert advert " data-adtype="dyn_0" id="advert_tmg_dyn_0" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.75s ease-in-out, height 1s ease; box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.75s ease-in-out, height 1s ease;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="articleBodyText section" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Austin News Text Semibold', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.5px;">
<div class="article-body-text component " style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 82.33333px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="component-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
“Pastoralism, which is a guarantor of biodiversity and of a living and welcoming mountain region, is not compatible with the reintroduction of large predators,” it said in a statement.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
“The state, which is responsible for the reintroduction of the bears, should remove the ones that are causing problems and should not reintroduce any more bears,” it said.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
<span class="m_first-letter" style="box-sizing: border-box;">T</span>he verbal protest was the latest battle in the long-running war between livestock farmers and animal conservationists who believe bears have their rightful pace in the mountain range.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
A similar battle is going on over the growing presence of wolves in France.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
On Thursday the government gave the green light for the cull of dozens of wolves in mountain areas, mostly in the southeast, where they have killed around 8,000 farm animals, mostly sheep, over the past year.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
The cull of up to 40 wolves by July next year represents a little over 10 percent of France's total wolf population.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
Wolves were eradicated in Franc</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-88080202945825346042017-07-22T09:43:00.001-07:002017-07-22T10:44:37.230-07:00sports<div class="articleBodyText version-2 section" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Austin News Text Semibold', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.5px;">
<div class="article-body-text component version-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 82.33333px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="component-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
ore than 200 sheep have died after they hurtled over the edge of a cliff in the Pyrenees mountains while being chased by a bear.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
Their deaths have reignited the bitter debate over the presence of bears in the mountain range that straddles the French-Spanish border, where they were reintroduced 20 years ago after disappearing in the early 1990s.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD2lGL-JJcVV6I2JjUc346L2P2JjxD9PZfzwR8qMWOPiEBW288TVCxmOicmLgP3cBXMZ3xPZPyg2rmt75uETpW-vgEZ1dT1ClACA3usM_Cmn7RiZoL5B0zXPbXJ0VYbHraSAtn5kruB3RG/s1600/real-madrid-villarreal-cristiano-ronaldo_3209584.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="768" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD2lGL-JJcVV6I2JjUc346L2P2JjxD9PZfzwR8qMWOPiEBW288TVCxmOicmLgP3cBXMZ3xPZPyg2rmt75uETpW-vgEZ1dT1ClACA3usM_Cmn7RiZoL5B0zXPbXJ0VYbHraSAtn5kruB3RG/s320/real-madrid-villarreal-cristiano-ronaldo_3209584.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div data-mediaconductor-processed="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
The sheep belonged to a farmer in the Couflens area on the French side of the border, but their bodies were found last Sunday at the foot of a cliff just over the border in Spain.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
The rest of the large flock was missing after dispersing over the mountains while fleeing the attack.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
Local authorities sent experts to examine the scene during the week and they concluded that the sheep had been running away from a bear.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
The sheep’s owner will be compensated for<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRGT9y532qRqnXIt16tnEAkweOAlN35AEoKdONgbdqtNu2CpC-n1yueV7QDznKbSebEf3wEFKAq-fz311yri8kOOQIqHWVzbIKG0zFABkr0FTEwKZlshyphenhyphenLNKrE9nmM7FO_PJKVk6FnHYKw/s1600/sf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="729" data-original-width="1296" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRGT9y532qRqnXIt16tnEAkweOAlN35AEoKdONgbdqtNu2CpC-n1yueV7QDznKbSebEf3wEFKAq-fz311yri8kOOQIqHWVzbIKG0zFABkr0FTEwKZlshyphenhyphenLNKrE9nmM7FO_PJKVk6FnHYKw/s320/sf.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
each of the 209 animals found dead, which is standard practice in such cases as part of the deal made between the government and farmers when brown bears from Slovenia were introduced in the late 1990s.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
But the deaths provoked an angry statement from the militant Confédération Paysanne (Farmers’ Federation) which demanded immediate action to stop deadly attacks by bears on livestock.</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dynamicMpu section" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Austin News Text Semibold', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.5px;">
<div class="js-advert advert " data-adtype="dyn_0" id="advert_tmg_dyn_0" style="-webkit-transition: opacity 0.75s ease-in-out, height 1s ease; box-sizing: border-box; height: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; text-align: center; transition: opacity 0.75s ease-in-out, height 1s ease;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="articleBodyText section" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: 'Austin News Text Semibold', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 10px; line-height: 12.5px;">
<div class="article-body-text component " style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-left: 82.33333px; margin-right: 0px;">
<div class="component-content" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
“Pastoralism, which is a guarantor of biodiversity and of a living and welcoming mountain region, is not compatible with the reintroduction of large predators,” it said in a statement.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
“The state, which is responsible for the reintroduction of the bears, should remove the ones that are causing problems and should not reintroduce any more bears,” it said.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
<span class="m_first-letter" style="box-sizing: border-box;">T</span>he verbal protest was the latest battle in the long-running war between livestock farmers and animal conservationists who believe bears have their rightful pace in the mountain range.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
A similar battle is going on over the growing presence of wolves in France.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
On Thursday the government gave the green light for the cull of dozens of wolves in mountain areas, mostly in the southeast, where they have killed around 8,000 farm animals, mostly sheep, over the past year.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
The cull of up to 40 wolves by July next year represents a little over 10 percent of France's total wolf population.</div>
<div style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Austin News Text Roman', Georgia, Times, serif; font-size: 1.7rem; line-height: 2.5rem; margin-bottom: 16px;">
Wolves were eradicated in Franc</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-84935287178648047992017-07-22T01:51:00.002-07:002017-07-22T10:00:22.242-07:00photo ismail<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQpjLgMk5yx2wEzekDCEX6QOdUAqkimvWz8ZTQlwmQ8kiG17sjUSbpL5mnzLmeBe4GlooftTEb0qSXMmqSUw9HV5VM2sEGCK4PctGlmdpgtxNdYR2kdx-znDiBCnr5ybI-sC38Zgmb1K-/s1600/46082_780566008755875_227256931842402776_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZQpjLgMk5yx2wEzekDCEX6QOdUAqkimvWz8ZTQlwmQ8kiG17sjUSbpL5mnzLmeBe4GlooftTEb0qSXMmqSUw9HV5VM2sEGCK4PctGlmdpgtxNdYR2kdx-znDiBCnr5ybI-sC38Zgmb1K-/s320/46082_780566008755875_227256931842402776_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSkVKQejvKPR89RFuCc_41shoUjuLz8CBxPOUlQcgOPdTXef5knCbwwSs80xMbVksY7JLZ6HbwAqGktEsk6CYXGMkLQRzonpV2dYg-jpWYCvcF8zlh6XP1jMPLM3gfPQ82Sm69tVdmUlmK/s1600/165919_805116722967470_1507071530486975195_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="394" data-original-width="296" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSkVKQejvKPR89RFuCc_41shoUjuLz8CBxPOUlQcgOPdTXef5knCbwwSs80xMbVksY7JLZ6HbwAqGktEsk6CYXGMkLQRzonpV2dYg-jpWYCvcF8zlh6XP1jMPLM3gfPQ82Sm69tVdmUlmK/s320/165919_805116722967470_1507071530486975195_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW_B-3ddm1ufKcR_wGiSbFY-8jaDm5Igaplo1uPbZIXdLVTDSM7taf3suMfgaEMwYGh4SnnR9RXcZ9Cn5upbmkX1oKtGADMlmNdr4n6TodqIdZoSifnHgIgBsep8lhuD_I3qqsBN99x7fL/s1600/1557579_403454043133742_1205979078_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="857" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW_B-3ddm1ufKcR_wGiSbFY-8jaDm5Igaplo1uPbZIXdLVTDSM7taf3suMfgaEMwYGh4SnnR9RXcZ9Cn5upbmkX1oKtGADMlmNdr4n6TodqIdZoSifnHgIgBsep8lhuD_I3qqsBN99x7fL/s320/1557579_403454043133742_1205979078_n.jpg" width="238" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmeDXoYMzaGv3b2Tnd81z8AqhbUKnwjphw-LROT2sK9Wnf5vaHsKylJprKHxCWJa2feWpiSZxLubwDfpWxPX2CUSS6rFzeu4YTnvFCtyCoWfDWtDzWVi1s1mn4hJFGFuVqC8Be-Hbm27Ow/s1600/1662278_400254543453692_290646142_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="576" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmeDXoYMzaGv3b2Tnd81z8AqhbUKnwjphw-LROT2sK9Wnf5vaHsKylJprKHxCWJa2feWpiSZxLubwDfpWxPX2CUSS6rFzeu4YTnvFCtyCoWfDWtDzWVi1s1mn4hJFGFuVqC8Be-Hbm27Ow/s320/1662278_400254543453692_290646142_n.jpg" width="192" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5XE3Lc2Kr6f95kxa-s4TMlraJajB6juojx-C_py4YuF_VQ4hghBgQLbNATmdXareY8AwtveqCVTHXf0cZn1o9J_84zHrg2Sx68zYYFq1Sl6ekT5mn3PZBQJ6W_B0TBNpE76fPELDQYnyM/s1600/10408087_684614925017651_3565209292871247557_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5XE3Lc2Kr6f95kxa-s4TMlraJajB6juojx-C_py4YuF_VQ4hghBgQLbNATmdXareY8AwtveqCVTHXf0cZn1o9J_84zHrg2Sx68zYYFq1Sl6ekT5mn3PZBQJ6W_B0TBNpE76fPELDQYnyM/s320/10408087_684614925017651_3565209292871247557_n.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs4ema-3kxe561smmB8moSzCv6ZoLMljf4p9LtnYfMKGD_QfiwExuczw-0-3UZUlGe0g6wrnM1BxF7z_YaS4KevuoHaILwb7r9jNF7Jp_LLy4V-bMtZ7pBWCACXxERnBk0H2rmEAiA0SY8/s1600/10420368_730932240385919_1146256849716040482_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs4ema-3kxe561smmB8moSzCv6ZoLMljf4p9LtnYfMKGD_QfiwExuczw-0-3UZUlGe0g6wrnM1BxF7z_YaS4KevuoHaILwb7r9jNF7Jp_LLy4V-bMtZ7pBWCACXxERnBk0H2rmEAiA0SY8/s320/10420368_730932240385919_1146256849716040482_n.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYis6htcAlenI5tY-d78OnTuzzzOBxI3ddckMFVgVYJOXYntn4OAxk2vst7SbugYGKRi-f8aVOOF96l58Z1byAlwwL_p-ky6l4U87W5hUz6t7A9_h7SaJInTiDhuoNnnz7BjI86DTkPTyF/s1600/11038106_685488264930317_2698094933781316743_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYis6htcAlenI5tY-d78OnTuzzzOBxI3ddckMFVgVYJOXYntn4OAxk2vst7SbugYGKRi-f8aVOOF96l58Z1byAlwwL_p-ky6l4U87W5hUz6t7A9_h7SaJInTiDhuoNnnz7BjI86DTkPTyF/s320/11038106_685488264930317_2698094933781316743_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrDZe6Yah0KlC0_FAfV_nEotthgEpVZbLDgJSHlA5gGhLnmtPErBIfODuDC87Rx40LVjk_YJ61mdEoPi5NYzLkwYF1xqyLX2lemUB7HZHOsG-ZQhyPN-h_kbTxu-Vjb8whlOoIGktqlEV/s1600/11220876_718230158322794_215241998441533125_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrDZe6Yah0KlC0_FAfV_nEotthgEpVZbLDgJSHlA5gGhLnmtPErBIfODuDC87Rx40LVjk_YJ61mdEoPi5NYzLkwYF1xqyLX2lemUB7HZHOsG-ZQhyPN-h_kbTxu-Vjb8whlOoIGktqlEV/s320/11220876_718230158322794_215241998441533125_n.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO5GHq9gHWDu7o1Eprr6kra-7pw5H0MhnecMIcWvFSjKT5tVuPcFkmEyUZ46AZtAPAidYTlbdo1YSKwBXBYoAGFkuY0qp3YgQK6WeSzlPnKYNqNURauAQVaIi4wKcOpUkCxY-Xbj4b_5yk/s1600/11234048_769321856546957_1523289218799983115_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhO5GHq9gHWDu7o1Eprr6kra-7pw5H0MhnecMIcWvFSjKT5tVuPcFkmEyUZ46AZtAPAidYTlbdo1YSKwBXBYoAGFkuY0qp3YgQK6WeSzlPnKYNqNURauAQVaIi4wKcOpUkCxY-Xbj4b_5yk/s320/11234048_769321856546957_1523289218799983115_n.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6TNPAuEy1RTwnNWiYEJ2h_LiJC4gYPF0se1QuVWTz2c72yE3cUee68YVkJTiHFryM3hcsiySLJoO10F6SN6JgalZ-3Pro0VgjwLQImEL5CvUdRb6MmluF6dp0xVvT0NqWkFgtZKFv6VEY/s1600/11705223_706201219525688_1657311128556259874_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="576" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6TNPAuEy1RTwnNWiYEJ2h_LiJC4gYPF0se1QuVWTz2c72yE3cUee68YVkJTiHFryM3hcsiySLJoO10F6SN6JgalZ-3Pro0VgjwLQImEL5CvUdRb6MmluF6dp0xVvT0NqWkFgtZKFv6VEY/s320/11705223_706201219525688_1657311128556259874_n.jpg" width="192" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAGzKIgL-k4cnIlV-hA1xNG84oQFUmhF1mkfFRQzuyD247GL_IJXcKpWpBsUNnJMGb80MTD7-BpQo41Xt1xGKVCP93OktIp7GCv-mLsxaQTFikbKj7GoXshPl9yycPjTeaNMacZjHAAjjZ/s1600/11750648_702750106537466_6697470591144414487_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAGzKIgL-k4cnIlV-hA1xNG84oQFUmhF1mkfFRQzuyD247GL_IJXcKpWpBsUNnJMGb80MTD7-BpQo41Xt1xGKVCP93OktIp7GCv-mLsxaQTFikbKj7GoXshPl9yycPjTeaNMacZjHAAjjZ/s320/11750648_702750106537466_6697470591144414487_n.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm3BHi1twBpP433Zy9lOO5gOG8mj62HlBduuwmrOV7_0YX_2H0DlFhpQzc0zaducfumbY9haCjdMr_c23T09i0JOT_HTUDH4OANg6LukNmxghV7mS_W_x2T_sO7WvNiJ32kImMTQPNBQpl/s1600/11896094_722026831276460_7776258554042831989_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm3BHi1twBpP433Zy9lOO5gOG8mj62HlBduuwmrOV7_0YX_2H0DlFhpQzc0zaducfumbY9haCjdMr_c23T09i0JOT_HTUDH4OANg6LukNmxghV7mS_W_x2T_sO7WvNiJ32kImMTQPNBQpl/s320/11896094_722026831276460_7776258554042831989_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkCsKCc3t-GE622H8FkEArjLmJMcL2EzEnTZr9Ws1Ew1DUYvuNvnyGCyMVF3ggjfk89hflV3XtCHt6QDz9j8bpyiiLHTDSg4d-_2x2X-IbtNYeKLLpecWm9w-c61bOeTB9zU63hKOZmMwh/s1600/11898673_719716941507449_1593768163924209902_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkCsKCc3t-GE622H8FkEArjLmJMcL2EzEnTZr9Ws1Ew1DUYvuNvnyGCyMVF3ggjfk89hflV3XtCHt6QDz9j8bpyiiLHTDSg4d-_2x2X-IbtNYeKLLpecWm9w-c61bOeTB9zU63hKOZmMwh/s320/11898673_719716941507449_1593768163924209902_n.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkASfrqQBq9vUibHQ24CbOfcXxmG-mfIgD5pri-tb4uVoWG3QlwWRfkWHw1b25ndh_WkS7CzF0z6SAdGDOfh9am8Dwf7RUfCmXHNMTQkf3nmkwkSF6vNpHRk0FWyyQ45_aufxpcJoUKQ0q/s1600/11951797_726702210808922_831325499287222780_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="720" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkASfrqQBq9vUibHQ24CbOfcXxmG-mfIgD5pri-tb4uVoWG3QlwWRfkWHw1b25ndh_WkS7CzF0z6SAdGDOfh9am8Dwf7RUfCmXHNMTQkf3nmkwkSF6vNpHRk0FWyyQ45_aufxpcJoUKQ0q/s320/11951797_726702210808922_831325499287222780_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmwY-VkjcJahhGJrQUDXYBKc6pdiLfHiSSbGSGxCGiwykugTDV_-79muR926pfMJy_jAt9FZEBJjDRGcOSku6_JLWpq0x4m0RadxNTG5sozf4rgitJ3j5UDmQ1gMvTGrQrkoWXEyAmGehZ/s1600/12006333_733377506808059_7933682570990331818_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmwY-VkjcJahhGJrQUDXYBKc6pdiLfHiSSbGSGxCGiwykugTDV_-79muR926pfMJy_jAt9FZEBJjDRGcOSku6_JLWpq0x4m0RadxNTG5sozf4rgitJ3j5UDmQ1gMvTGrQrkoWXEyAmGehZ/s320/12006333_733377506808059_7933682570990331818_n.jpg" width="180" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW1VbZAFa73yGw2j2lA3OJ4FgWrmKXTATCaAwQRyWmHFHVEXrcqm64XGs_uk9sBGvp_YH5J4FcLjQ1cuk_JGzfx1hMaiWqzIdsilL2q5PUAl4OCE6YMPRNf7gu5EEoGv5U_tgLy2Tidbxp/s1600/12651031_791582970987512_949762648451365161_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="822" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW1VbZAFa73yGw2j2lA3OJ4FgWrmKXTATCaAwQRyWmHFHVEXrcqm64XGs_uk9sBGvp_YH5J4FcLjQ1cuk_JGzfx1hMaiWqzIdsilL2q5PUAl4OCE6YMPRNf7gu5EEoGv5U_tgLy2Tidbxp/s320/12651031_791582970987512_949762648451365161_n.jpg" width="274" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrrshkdzY8g2aUlmIAp4YQ8P0Cyn6eiNkv9O39dTi5Q-NTH4oP5-0W1HnuBwOhyphenhyphenX1-yaAeUd4KkkWlVIY-cmDALnbcw9zNhS49cZUSNumYgrXvzgM4XwgOXgPbl7hDL0Z9Vn_5sewZ1Eh/s1600/IMG_20140831_045134.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="380" data-original-width="228" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWrrshkdzY8g2aUlmIAp4YQ8P0Cyn6eiNkv9O39dTi5Q-NTH4oP5-0W1HnuBwOhyphenhyphenX1-yaAeUd4KkkWlVIY-cmDALnbcw9zNhS49cZUSNumYgrXvzgM4XwgOXgPbl7hDL0Z9Vn_5sewZ1Eh/s320/IMG_20140831_045134.jpg" width="192" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7HZ9eIJBacrFkOLR0wwEuJuiXsully-tSjFBmecl5eJc-g0LIyuAEdwV5HS8PW5mHLOwLZFTKazksWDnA6US-OP87B_P7KR1QQFnSjMKSA0bwJSg4peTX6xBvrdRc6QjvPrre2MrIpoVA/s1600/IMG_20140831_101726.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1176" data-original-width="945" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7HZ9eIJBacrFkOLR0wwEuJuiXsully-tSjFBmecl5eJc-g0LIyuAEdwV5HS8PW5mHLOwLZFTKazksWDnA6US-OP87B_P7KR1QQFnSjMKSA0bwJSg4peTX6xBvrdRc6QjvPrre2MrIpoVA/s320/IMG_20140831_101726.jpg" width="257" /></a></div>
<br />ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-27128150544130747572017-07-22T01:49:00.000-07:002017-07-22T01:49:04.684-07:00photo shakib<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0c4gTFbOYZIMS-BQFTPl27RlBN6ycUKwwR0123gW9E6ffmpx5bPdPq4V3u78kZo2JrJy6pWAgsJwsytRFlKOVFGdMf9HYD2yfZkq-PTPi2szZxjCB2kzPaplOB5mPcApMT8z3h73IWELy/s1600/19106069_2111395519087515_2148802098455628425_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0c4gTFbOYZIMS-BQFTPl27RlBN6ycUKwwR0123gW9E6ffmpx5bPdPq4V3u78kZo2JrJy6pWAgsJwsytRFlKOVFGdMf9HYD2yfZkq-PTPi2szZxjCB2kzPaplOB5mPcApMT8z3h73IWELy/s320/19106069_2111395519087515_2148802098455628425_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib6Wvt1K0vmKu2M53CKjdlyLIaWoLCh7tzTPZF8Lr8RRnukPm0DTQF8SkMTrD61AFUy6wSYvEu9lEhb0oISMieEt4OCANtmeCihs_1bgnxy8r3yOCH4DYd_dQ4gkRDFM3Zf7SH0p8bbQel/s1600/19396942_2114711988755868_4419138579783755449_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib6Wvt1K0vmKu2M53CKjdlyLIaWoLCh7tzTPZF8Lr8RRnukPm0DTQF8SkMTrD61AFUy6wSYvEu9lEhb0oISMieEt4OCANtmeCihs_1bgnxy8r3yOCH4DYd_dQ4gkRDFM3Zf7SH0p8bbQel/s320/19396942_2114711988755868_4419138579783755449_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXPT4Ud4GW4k8FYrA6rCIdU0fFJSbhOVAeYwPLirch_oaXTeJzBLELRb5b0MDncPm2KP3dLLps1Dpfy2JFtL94gpctCkHBf8lAUum4NdOzoSaOzAgRg0z7veQJBcii9j4hzIZLbfFPLeZF/s1600/19601434_2123646261195774_9221387647652822605_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="670" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXPT4Ud4GW4k8FYrA6rCIdU0fFJSbhOVAeYwPLirch_oaXTeJzBLELRb5b0MDncPm2KP3dLLps1Dpfy2JFtL94gpctCkHBf8lAUum4NdOzoSaOzAgRg0z7veQJBcii9j4hzIZLbfFPLeZF/s320/19601434_2123646261195774_9221387647652822605_n.jpg" width="223" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS6DMWf2oyHMiO0dTVezUJoYdsuXRXfE-Ig6Ks_yLgexw-LIXIqW7hb6ImB0xTZRTASMwNv9uqeZPJ2zMcVysizOKCz3-uMM-BTRtJIc90cza_ih-JGf2f38NDu9KjULMMcnKTamd7T8G5/s1600/19989541_2129920380568362_3057463680554464483_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="749" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgS6DMWf2oyHMiO0dTVezUJoYdsuXRXfE-Ig6Ks_yLgexw-LIXIqW7hb6ImB0xTZRTASMwNv9uqeZPJ2zMcVysizOKCz3-uMM-BTRtJIc90cza_ih-JGf2f38NDu9KjULMMcnKTamd7T8G5/s320/19989541_2129920380568362_3057463680554464483_n.jpg" width="249" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgITlvSJodYhZ5IUCqKvWitrtSHrcqqBVot-dPZwqxezQtLqjXtOyhdvXXNCLJUCLEjlXFspRv5TrXrXOl6xYVsmyI-Wusg9Nyc9jt-UmciX4EnKpfhTKac_PgX5IbKX_Qto_QGk6jDsM9D/s1600/20032106_2131980363695697_7040007258767472919_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="707" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgITlvSJodYhZ5IUCqKvWitrtSHrcqqBVot-dPZwqxezQtLqjXtOyhdvXXNCLJUCLEjlXFspRv5TrXrXOl6xYVsmyI-Wusg9Nyc9jt-UmciX4EnKpfhTKac_PgX5IbKX_Qto_QGk6jDsM9D/s320/20032106_2131980363695697_7040007258767472919_n.jpg" width="217" /></a></div>
<br />ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-6224200399365539322017-07-21T23:33:00.001-07:002017-07-22T10:46:27.044-07:00photograhpy<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPNQxW8qrw5Px20FVFj1dvd09qSSKH1vgEshseN10G_IaMSVoKzvkhnF01JNSzRspzxF1loY6j9sDfrwTIxG_AekEZuvU7yJ9by1qlfPfNJvmZxl4DrF9_iBrCUMbgPdhu8uslepoNP9LY/s320/20170118_141631.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ismailhosain.cse" target="_blank">ISMAIL</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7DOIRoxCybz29F938epruBSTC-RrZ5Xv6U2rjvQ0iXbD3GSJZBXNeFJf8aCENff3w_Emk3UtrrUciAZmsSnh98JUq2wLRLC257NvQV6GtX7Aj7eFwgOXs1qgNegUPWHwyWRqhyphenhyphen9_8CZYx/s1600/17951569_106921593200309_6567821649520751589_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="256" data-original-width="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7DOIRoxCybz29F938epruBSTC-RrZ5Xv6U2rjvQ0iXbD3GSJZBXNeFJf8aCENff3w_Emk3UtrrUciAZmsSnh98JUq2wLRLC257NvQV6GtX7Aj7eFwgOXs1qgNegUPWHwyWRqhyphenhyphen9_8CZYx/s1600/17951569_106921593200309_6567821649520751589_n.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100006819165978" target="_blank">ARIF KHAN</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGGciXClJTONApjNvEVDejhSSFYH5QwRzVq3D6WQMqFYl3EI9CZ20fAuvWc5vbUdBtY0Fn_VHiaKwm0-ejb5JF7smRhmuxJeQ7jODmsIN3nphxTVKIK0pRXt65DSxgy7oJWKy2bwbs8ftR/s1600/BeautyPlus_20170116145909_save.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1131" data-original-width="923" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGGciXClJTONApjNvEVDejhSSFYH5QwRzVq3D6WQMqFYl3EI9CZ20fAuvWc5vbUdBtY0Fn_VHiaKwm0-ejb5JF7smRhmuxJeQ7jODmsIN3nphxTVKIK0pRXt65DSxgy7oJWKy2bwbs8ftR/s320/BeautyPlus_20170116145909_save.jpg" width="261" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7IBRpM2eT13ts8XY27FLGQnccd0Lif7SZ_Hb5j8tVafvPOB-4NRhN_xTJK7gQGnrqJkNn5nJAu2QuDz5JNVgiiL-IRScSutBrh9Vns7mgAQJ-w3uK6WW1fnkD1VeODpWGdx8nM-qJf-Rn/s1600/FB_IMG_1484566871670.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="644" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7IBRpM2eT13ts8XY27FLGQnccd0Lif7SZ_Hb5j8tVafvPOB-4NRhN_xTJK7gQGnrqJkNn5nJAu2QuDz5JNVgiiL-IRScSutBrh9Vns7mgAQJ-w3uK6WW1fnkD1VeODpWGdx8nM-qJf-Rn/s320/FB_IMG_1484566871670.jpg" width="318" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzQ6gshaE-x5a6apN4Q-RNmRTUiu1hZYfMrNvvl7xplwhoiLe-J2VcSZt0V-RFBVU1WRPa9wVNjhwWoIsIt4DaDNG4Uk2wkVPNAyT862bSFp1yVUOZt5K7ZxsIvv0WokpRyiQzfuOPwltx/s1600/FB_IMG_1500441316531.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="577" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzQ6gshaE-x5a6apN4Q-RNmRTUiu1hZYfMrNvvl7xplwhoiLe-J2VcSZt0V-RFBVU1WRPa9wVNjhwWoIsIt4DaDNG4Uk2wkVPNAyT862bSFp1yVUOZt5K7ZxsIvv0WokpRyiQzfuOPwltx/s320/FB_IMG_1500441316531.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilbgOPF5AwXaMMLpNesNNNFt2GCaXYqRrtliqyUL0qp2z0dIt-5EqfIU0Dkivt9RyxXY0YMluGBE193-ulyJHmyyrNzu9ERru92tVNBuPREfV3kmiDSrp_vn8V6if_thQ01eFVaamS9MZW/s1600/19106069_2111395519087515_2148802098455628425_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilbgOPF5AwXaMMLpNesNNNFt2GCaXYqRrtliqyUL0qp2z0dIt-5EqfIU0Dkivt9RyxXY0YMluGBE193-ulyJHmyyrNzu9ERru92tVNBuPREfV3kmiDSrp_vn8V6if_thQ01eFVaamS9MZW/s320/19106069_2111395519087515_2148802098455628425_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Iamshakibkhanbd/" target="_blank">SHAKIB KHAN</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2AuhHZ3r42Z85oQAIMfhht10KebCQkenwmuVpOj7wX-N9-KjCeHUAnMgv_D_tDENXcNe-XCI7s0MhTMUFnAxSOZvE5Kb4JF1zPaJeiCOBprZnaZlIO3BLdFytLPqaAOgdMCLnzB22XdNJ/s1600/10954548_1389622781344332_3679458855631107361_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2AuhHZ3r42Z85oQAIMfhht10KebCQkenwmuVpOj7wX-N9-KjCeHUAnMgv_D_tDENXcNe-XCI7s0MhTMUFnAxSOZvE5Kb4JF1zPaJeiCOBprZnaZlIO3BLdFytLPqaAOgdMCLnzB22XdNJ/s320/10954548_1389622781344332_3679458855631107361_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100008898708638" target="_blank">MILON MIYA</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij2jjC-gEQc-HpPO6JTmK4lwu_2s19gJGx866FSCigPO0KDnFVTv_ydZDSyAgFHwInAbjISS2nVd7zAu-qC0MI4QZENrg-fh84NWpjkQ4WN4LkQSNtvNfpoY0vU1W8Xxi_uqzKi70KhK9o/s1600/15181702_806000149542544_4008131389897352690_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="960" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij2jjC-gEQc-HpPO6JTmK4lwu_2s19gJGx866FSCigPO0KDnFVTv_ydZDSyAgFHwInAbjISS2nVd7zAu-qC0MI4QZENrg-fh84NWpjkQ4WN4LkQSNtvNfpoY0vU1W8Xxi_uqzKi70KhK9o/s320/15181702_806000149542544_4008131389897352690_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/eliachh.sine" target="_blank">Eliachh sany</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw5R4Gvkpx7XwTAwYugVqYsegHcEWdMD6HSZyF_ZDDeRfx9UkypA6dq869zQFn-exZ63ty-3Q53VXRfPGFermMP0ejT-5CAJ9UHsaKGqoabo7n9omCZjHShruJw00cDb7uy837AiK5-p6u/s1600/17353641_1799022453691311_511520630363800410_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="951" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw5R4Gvkpx7XwTAwYugVqYsegHcEWdMD6HSZyF_ZDDeRfx9UkypA6dq869zQFn-exZ63ty-3Q53VXRfPGFermMP0ejT-5CAJ9UHsaKGqoabo7n9omCZjHShruJw00cDb7uy837AiK5-p6u/s320/17353641_1799022453691311_511520630363800410_n.jpg" width="317" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/prantik.shakib.7" target="_blank">sakib</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBGJmJZpTG3T26C0SNCz5XMU0Tls2ZGDX1P7s5CEV4iEfgVAn0EsmC5nnz4t2Vd5EqXGkX7BAi97S00dxXPl1CjQG6_0Yk5i_F7gN3dVYk3LL94ipeNTAezmM2x6rEskLkxrH-uYZ770tR/s1600/18275106_1309056502505155_6626478204377844942_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="955" data-original-width="960" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBGJmJZpTG3T26C0SNCz5XMU0Tls2ZGDX1P7s5CEV4iEfgVAn0EsmC5nnz4t2Vd5EqXGkX7BAi97S00dxXPl1CjQG6_0Yk5i_F7gN3dVYk3LL94ipeNTAezmM2x6rEskLkxrH-uYZ770tR/s320/18275106_1309056502505155_6626478204377844942_n.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/aandonhasan?fref=search" target="_blank">রাব্বানী ভাই</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-75818276597522638172017-07-21T13:36:00.003-07:002017-07-22T09:24:49.791-07:00SymphonyA symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often written by composers for orchestra. Although the term has had many meanings from its origins in the ancient Greek era, by the late 18th century the word had taken on the meaning common today: a work usually consisting of multiple distinct sections or movements, often four, with the first movement in sonata<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXboo1irx9Msrhl6xSUAuPw3RxQJ4T4fh5N5D24tszQpXaRi4cN-_4V1DAoIVfCZwx78cSi_tVbV8R8rlnxu1bl2oIjlb8hwKUG63TMQbO3DBXJ57GvaAAW9410NBMk26hc0WZRGDClwai/s1600/download.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="172" data-original-width="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXboo1irx9Msrhl6xSUAuPw3RxQJ4T4fh5N5D24tszQpXaRi4cN-_4V1DAoIVfCZwx78cSi_tVbV8R8rlnxu1bl2oIjlb8hwKUG63TMQbO3DBXJ57GvaAAW9410NBMk26hc0WZRGDClwai/s1600/download.jpg" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
form. Symphonies are scored for string (violin, viola, cello and double bass), brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments which altogether number about 30–100 musicians. Symphonies are notated in a musical score, which contains all the instrument parts. Orchestral musicians play from parts which contain just the notated music for their instrument. A small number of symphonies also contain vocal parts (e.g., BISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-90868245933607010862017-07-21T13:36:00.000-07:002017-07-22T09:27:50.116-07:00Samsung <div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<b>Samsung Group</b> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hangul">Hangul</a>: <span lang="ko-Hang"><span lang="ko">삼성</span></span>; <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span lang="ko-Hani"><span lang="ko">三星</span></span>; <small style="font-size: 11.8999996185303px;">Korean pronunciation: </small><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Korean" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none !important;" title="Help:IPA for Korean">[sʰamsʰʌŋ]</a></span>) is a South Korean <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_corporation" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a>headquartered in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Town" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samsung Town">Samsung Town</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-samsung.co.kr_1-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung#cite_note-samsung.co.kr-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> It comprises numerous affiliated businesses,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-samsung.co.kr_1-2" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung#cite_note-samsung.co.kr-1" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[1]</a></sup> most of them united under the<i>Samsung</i> brand, and is the largest South Korean <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaebol" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chaebol">chaebol</a></i> (business conglomerate).</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj9_BuPCh0Bqvn_6oWxazVftvvzPflE_0wdD3uljIDwX1w9ibZsVszkVfcW6Nh8arpufdAlhnn9udBiiAZafkYVNfGtJPn9kj_A5hJuqCg2qwgKfmcCLMr10GqXK-VJp7J2U5VF5KneFor/s1600/22638987.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1600" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj9_BuPCh0Bqvn_6oWxazVftvvzPflE_0wdD3uljIDwX1w9ibZsVszkVfcW6Nh8arpufdAlhnn9udBiiAZafkYVNfGtJPn9kj_A5hJuqCg2qwgKfmcCLMr10GqXK-VJp7J2U5VF5KneFor/s320/22638987.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Samsung was founded by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Byung-chul" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lee Byung-chul">Lee Byung-chul</a> in 1938 as a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trading_company" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Trading company">trading company</a>. Over the next three decades, the group diversified into areas including food processing, textiles, insurance, securities and retail. Samsung entered the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics_industry" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Electronics industry">electronics industry</a> in the late 1960s and the construction and shipbuilding industries in the mid-1970s; these areas would drive its subsequent growth. Following Lee's death in 1987, Samsung was separated into four business groups – Samsung Group, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinsegae" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shinsegae">Shinsegae</a>Group, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJ_Group" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="CJ Group">CJ Group</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansol" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hansol">Hansol</a> Group. Since 1990, Samsung has increasingly globalised its activities and electronics; in particular, its mobile phones and semiconductors have become its most important source of income.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Notable Samsung industrial affiliates include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung Electronics</a> (the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_largest_information_technology_companies" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="List of the largest information technology companies">world's 2nd largest information technology company</a>measured by 2015 revenues, and 5th in market value),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung#cite_note-4" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[4]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Heavy_Industries" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samsung Heavy Industries">Samsung Heavy Industries</a> (the world's 2nd largest <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipbuilder" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shipbuilder">shipbuilder</a>measured by 2010 revenues),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung#cite_note-5" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[5]</a></sup> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Engineering" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samsung Engineering">Samsung Engineering</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_C%26T" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samsung C&T">Samsung C&T</a> (respectively the world's 13th and 36th largest construction companies).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung#cite_note-6" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[6]</a></sup> Other notable subsidiaries include <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Life_Insurance" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samsung Life Insurance">Samsung Life Insurance</a> (the world's 14th largest life insurance company),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung#cite_note-7" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[7]</a></sup> <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung_Everland" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Samsung Everland">Samsung Everland</a> (operator of Everland</div>
ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-83736430056730132372017-07-21T12:53:00.004-07:002017-07-22T02:18:48.797-07:00Noakhali<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Noakhali District is bordered by </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comilla" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Comilla">Comilla</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> district to the north, the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghna" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Meghna">Meghna</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> estuary and the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> to the south, </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feni_District" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Feni District">Feni</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> districts to the east and </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmipur_District" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Lakshmipur District">Lakshmipur</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">and </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhola" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhola">Bhola</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> district to the west. The district has an area of 4202 km</span><sup style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1;">2</sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noakhali_District#cite_note-3" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> The district represents an extensive flat, coastal and delta land, located on the tidal floodplain of the Meghna River delta, characterised by flat land and low relief. The area is influenced by diurnal tidal cycles and the tidal fluctuations vary depending on seasons, </span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6p9b9cJujumVOqCEt_C5qP0SOquer-Z8558vKHF9ST4gc8ggivO8rmmA8pXy1hIpXJRzSNWOYIUDvMEF7UhwUx_1O1z86abBbV6nyHTbtAmZRNFIytXiE1UnYYwQqC9xbhmw2lF6l4j04/s1600/01_big.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="500" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6p9b9cJujumVOqCEt_C5qP0SOquer-Z8558vKHF9ST4gc8ggivO8rmmA8pXy1hIpXJRzSNWOYIUDvMEF7UhwUx_1O1z86abBbV6nyHTbtAmZRNFIytXiE1UnYYwQqC9xbhmw2lF6l4j04/s320/01_big.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">being pronounced during the monsoon season. Around Noakhali on three sides is an alluvial plain that is annually inundated and fertilised by silt deposits from the Meghna estuary. The swift currents that course down from the Himalayas bring a rich bath of fertile silt, when it reaches the Bay of Bengal, settles along the coast, gradually forming new land called "chars". The district of Noakhali has actually gained more than 28 square miles (73 km2) of land in the past 50 years and so on.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"><br /></span>ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-56237109715966937022017-07-21T12:31:00.001-07:002017-07-21T12:50:59.915-07:00Bangladesh<h4>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;">Bangladesh, to the east of India on the Bay of Bengal, is a South Asian country marked by lush greenery and many waterways. Its Padma (Ganges), Meghna and Jamuna rivers create fertile plains, and travel by boat is common. On the southern coast, the Sundarbans, an enormous mangrove forest shared with Eastern India, is home to the royal Bengal tige</span></h4>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSQ9rHsbVaNydg8zJarRJL-PjeaWJ5VNHJDK_OnLWGhNNhVQIg2UPx4W3kVE9oBZuI1VtE6MH9sN9kCG_DodxGAJgdiKcXQXdc_tcac3qwHpKQeV0isXyC57eg71JZ7Rtc7xmPLh7bSmdf/s1600/gdsasdf.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSQ9rHsbVaNydg8zJarRJL-PjeaWJ5VNHJDK_OnLWGhNNhVQIg2UPx4W3kVE9oBZuI1VtE6MH9sN9kCG_DodxGAJgdiKcXQXdc_tcac3qwHpKQeV0isXyC57eg71JZ7Rtc7xmPLh7bSmdf/s1600/gdsasdf.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;">
Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_of_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Names of Bengal">Names of Bengal</a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The name <i>Bangladesh</i> was originally written as two words, <i>Bangla Desh</i>. Starting in the 1950s, Bengali nationalists used the term in political rallies in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a>. The term<i>Bangla</i> is a major name for both the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengal">Bengal</a> region and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_language" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengali language">Bengali language</a>. The earliest references to the term date to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesari" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nesari">Nesari plate</a> in 805 AD. The term "Vangaladesa" is found in 11th century South Indian records.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto1_15-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-auto1-15" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto2_16-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-auto2-16" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto3_17-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-auto3-17" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The term gained official status during the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sultanate of Bengal">Sultanate of Bengal</a> in the 14th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ahmed2004_18-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-Ahmed2004-18" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-19" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-19" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[19]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamsuddin_Ilyas_Shah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah">Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah</a> proclaimed himself as the first "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shah">Shah</a> of Bangala" in 1342.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ahmed2004_18-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-Ahmed2004-18" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[18]</a></sup> The word <i>Bangla</i> became the most common name for the region during the Islamic period. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_people" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> referred to the region as <i>Bengala</i> in the 16th century.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-20" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-20" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[20]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The origins of the term <i>Bangla</i> are unclear, with theories pointing to a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Dravidian_language" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Proto-Dravidian language">proto-Dravidian</a> tribe,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-21" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-21" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[21]</a></sup> the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austric" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Austric">Austric</a> word "Bonga" (Sun god),<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto4_22-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-auto4-22" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup> and the Iron Age <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanga_Kingdom" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vanga Kingdom">Vanga Kingdom</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto4_22-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-auto4-22" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[22]</a></sup> The Indo-Aryan suffix <i>Desh</i> is derived from the Sanskrit word <i>deśha</i>, which means "land" or "country". Hence, the name <i>Bangladesh</i> means "Land of Bengal" or "Country of Bengal".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto1_15-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-auto1-15" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[15]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto2_16-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-auto2-16" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[16]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-auto3_17-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-auto3-17" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[17]</a></sup></div>
<h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-color: rgb(162, 169, 177); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine', Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></h2>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;">
Main article: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Bangladesh" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="History of Bangladesh">History of Bangladesh</a></div>
<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-width: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Ancient_and_classical_Bengal">Ancient and classical Bengal</span></h3>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_age" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Stone age">Stone age</a> tools found in the Greater Bengal region indicate human habitation for over 20,000 years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated2003_23-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-autogenerated2003-23" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup> Remnants of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_Age" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Copper Age">Copper Age</a> settlements date back 4,000 years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-autogenerated2003_23-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-autogenerated2003-23" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[23]</a></sup></div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Narapatir_Dhap,_Vasu_Bihar.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="4000" data-file-width="6000" height="147" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Narapatir_Dhap%2C_Vasu_Bihar.jpg/220px-Narapatir_Dhap%2C_Vasu_Bihar.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Narapatir_Dhap%2C_Vasu_Bihar.jpg/330px-Narapatir_Dhap%2C_Vasu_Bihar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Narapatir_Dhap%2C_Vasu_Bihar.jpg/440px-Narapatir_Dhap%2C_Vasu_Bihar.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Narapatir_Dhap,_Vasu_Bihar.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahasthangarh" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahasthangarh">Mahasthangarh</a> is the site of the oldest urban center in Bangladesh, dating back to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_millennium_BCE" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="First millennium BCE">first millennium BCE</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shalvan_Vihara,_Mainamati_10_September_2016_32.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3456" data-file-width="4608" height="165" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Shalvan_Vihara%2C_Mainamati_10_September_2016_32.jpg/220px-Shalvan_Vihara%2C_Mainamati_10_September_2016_32.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Shalvan_Vihara%2C_Mainamati_10_September_2016_32.jpg/330px-Shalvan_Vihara%2C_Mainamati_10_September_2016_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Shalvan_Vihara%2C_Mainamati_10_September_2016_32.jpg/440px-Shalvan_Vihara%2C_Mainamati_10_September_2016_32.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shalvan_Vihara,_Mainamati_10_September_2016_32.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainamati" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mainamati">Mainamati</a> is an archaeological site dating back to the first millennium CE</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Naogaon_Paharpur_11Oct12_IMG_3656.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="3463" data-file-width="5194" height="147" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Naogaon_Paharpur_11Oct12_IMG_3656.jpg/220px-Naogaon_Paharpur_11Oct12_IMG_3656.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Naogaon_Paharpur_11Oct12_IMG_3656.jpg/330px-Naogaon_Paharpur_11Oct12_IMG_3656.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Naogaon_Paharpur_11Oct12_IMG_3656.jpg/440px-Naogaon_Paharpur_11Oct12_IMG_3656.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Naogaon_Paharpur_11Oct12_IMG_3656.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somapura_Mahavihara" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Somapura Mahavihara">Paharpur ruins</a>, a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Ancient Bengal was settled by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Austroasiatic">Austroasiatics</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burmans</a>, Dravidians and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigvedic_tribes" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rigvedic tribes">Indo-Aryans</a> in consecutive waves of migration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-congress_24-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-congress-24" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[24]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bharadwaj_25-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-bharadwaj-25" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[25]</a></sup>Major urban settlements formed during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Age" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> in the middle of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_millennium_BCE" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="First millennium BCE">first millennium BCE</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-26" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[26]</a></sup> when the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Black_Polished_Ware" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Northern Black Polished Ware">Northern Black Polished Ware</a>culture developed in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_history" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="South Asian history">Indian subcontinent</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PierisRaven2010_27-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-PierisRaven2010-27" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[27]</a></sup> In 1879, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Cunningham" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Alexander Cunningham">Sir Alexander Cunningham</a> identified the archaeological ruins of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahasthangarh" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahasthangarh">Mahasthangarh</a>as the ancient city of Pundranagara, the capital of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pundra_Kingdom" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pundra Kingdom">Pundra Kingdom</a> mentioned in the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigveda" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-28" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-29" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wari-Bateshwar_ruins" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Wari-Bateshwar ruins">Wari-Bateshwar ruins</a> are regarded by archaeologists as the capital of an ancient <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janapada" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Janapada">janapada</a>, one of the earliest city states in the subcontinent.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thedailystar1_30-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-thedailystar1-30" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup> An indigenous currency of silver punch-marked coins dating between 600 BCE and 400 BCE has been found at the site.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thedailystar1_30-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-thedailystar1-30" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Excavation (archaeology)">Excavations</a> of glass beads suggest the city had trading links with Southeast Asia and the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_world" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Roman world">Roman world</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google1_31-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google1-31" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Greek and Roman records of the ancient <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangaridai" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gangaridai">Gangaridai</a> Kingdom, which according to legend deterred the invasion of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, are linked to the fort city in Wari-Bateshwar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-thedailystar1_30-2" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-thedailystar1-30" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup> The site is also identified with the prosperous trading center of <i>Souanagoura</i> mentioned in<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy%27s_world_map" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ptolemy's world map">Ptolemy's world map</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google1_31-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google1-31" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[31]</a></sup> Roman geographers noted the existence of a large and important <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaport" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Seaport">seaport</a> in southeastern Bengal, corresponding to the modern-day <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong_District" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chittagong District">Chittagong</a> region.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-32" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-32" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[32]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The legendary Vanga Kingdom is mentioned in the Indian epic <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahabharata" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></i> covering the region of Bangladesh. It was described as a<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafaring" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Seafaring">seafaring</a> nation of South Asia. According to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhala_Kingdom" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sinhala Kingdom">Sinhalese</a> chronicles, the Bengali <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Vijaya" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prince Vijaya">Prince Vijaya</a> led a maritime expedition to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, conquering the island and establishing its first recorded kingdom.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-33" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-33" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[33]</a></sup> The Bengali people also embarked on overseas colonization in Southeast Asia, including in modern-day <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-34" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-34" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[34]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Bengal was ruled by the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauryan_Empire" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mauryan Empire">Mauryan Empire</a> in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE. With their bastions in the Bengal and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bihar">Bihar</a> regions (collectively known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magadha" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Magadha">Magadha</a>), the Mauryans built the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Greater India">geographically extensive</a> Iron Age empire in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ancient India">Ancient India</a>. They promoted<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>. The empire reached its peak under emperor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashoka" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a>. They were eventually succeeded by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empire" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a> in the 3rd century CE. According to historian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hem_Chandra_Raychaudhuri" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri">H. C. Roychowdhury</a>, the Gupta dynasty <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_Gupta_dynasty" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Origin of the Gupta dynasty">originated</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varendra" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Varendra">Varendra</a> region in Bangladesh, corresponding to the modern-day <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajshahi_Division" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rajshahi Division">Rajshahi</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangpur_Division" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rangpur Division">Rangpur</a> divisions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-35" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-35" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[35]</a></sup> The Gupta era saw the invention of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chess">chess</a>, the concept of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Zero">zero</a>, the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliocentrism" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Heliocentrism">theory of Earth orbiting the Sun</a>, the study of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sun">solar</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Moon">lunar</a> eclipses and the flourishing of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_literature" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sanskrit literature">Sanskrit literature</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_drama" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sanskrit drama">drama</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-36" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-36" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[36]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-37" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-37" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[37]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
In <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Classical India">classical antiquity</a>, Bengal was divided between various kingdoms. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala_Empire" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pala Empire">Pala Empire</a> stood out as the largest Bengali state established in ancient history, with an empire covering most of the north Indian subcontinent at its height in the 9th century. The Palas were devout<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhist" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahayana Buddhist">Mahayana Buddhists</a>. They strongly patronized art, architecture and education, giving rise to the Pala School of Painting and Sculptural Art,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-38" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-38" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[38]</a></sup> the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somapura_Mahavihara" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Somapura Mahavihara">Somapura Mahavihara</a> and the universities of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalanda" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nalanda">Nalanda</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikramshila" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Vikramshila">Vikramshila</a>. The proto-Bengali language emerged under Pala rule. In the 11th-century, the resurgent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sena_dynasty" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sena dynasty">Sena dynasty</a> gained power. The Senas were staunch promoters of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmanical_Hinduism" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Brahmanical Hinduism">Brahmanical Hinduism</a>and laid the foundation of Bengali Hinduism. They patronized their own school of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_art" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindu art">Hindu art</a> taking inspiration from their predecessors.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-39" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-39" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[39]</a></sup>The Senas consolidated the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_system" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Caste system">caste system</a> in Bengal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-40" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-40" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[40]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Bengal was also a junction of the Southwestern <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-gutenberg-e.org_41-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-gutenberg-e.org-41" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[41]</a></sup></div>
<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-width: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Islamic_Bengal">Islamic Bengal</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #222222; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 1.3em 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shat_Gombuj_Mosque_0009.JPG" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1600" data-file-width="1200" height="293" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shat_Gombuj_Mosque_0009.JPG/220px-Shat_Gombuj_Mosque_0009.JPG" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shat_Gombuj_Mosque_0009.JPG/330px-Shat_Gombuj_Mosque_0009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Shat_Gombuj_Mosque_0009.JPG/440px-Shat_Gombuj_Mosque_0009.JPG 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shat_Gombuj_Mosque_0009.JPG" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Minaret of the 15th-century <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixty_Dome_Mosque" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sixty Dome Mosque">Sixty Dome Mosque</a>, listed by UNESCO as a<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Akbar_prays_after_Bengal_victory.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="600" data-file-width="383" height="345" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Akbar_prays_after_Bengal_victory.jpg/220px-Akbar_prays_after_Bengal_victory.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Akbar_prays_after_Bengal_victory.jpg/330px-Akbar_prays_after_Bengal_victory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Akbar_prays_after_Bengal_victory.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Akbar_prays_after_Bengal_victory.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
The Mughal Emperor <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_the_Great" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Akbar the Great">Akbar the Great</a> celebrates a naval victory in Bengal in 1576. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_calendar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a>was developed based on the dates of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet_Muhammad" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prophet Muhammad">Prophet Muhammad</a>'s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegira" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hegira">Hegira</a> and the coronation of Akbar.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42" style="font-size: 9.89632034301758px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-42" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[42]</a></sup></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sultanate_of_Bengal.png" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="246" data-file-width="327" height="166" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sultanate_of_Bengal.png/220px-Sultanate_of_Bengal.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Sultanate_of_Bengal.png 1.5x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sultanate_of_Bengal.png" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bengalnawab.gif" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="312" data-file-width="380" height="181" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bengalnawab.gif/220px-Bengalnawab.gif" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bengalnawab.gif/330px-Bengalnawab.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Bengalnawab.gif 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bengalnawab.gif" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mughal Bengal">Mughal Bengal</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Islam">Islam</a> arrived on the shores of Bengal in the late first millennium, brought largely by missionaries,<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sufi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sufi">Sufis</a> and merchants from the Middle East. Some experts have suggested that early Muslims, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%60d_ibn_Abi_Waqqas" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas">Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas</a> (an uncle of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophet_Muhammad" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prophet Muhammad">Prophet Muhammad</a>), used Bengal as a transit point to travel to China on the Southern Silk Road.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-43" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-43" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[43]</a></sup> The excavation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> coins in Bangladesh indicate a strong trade network during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Wisdom" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="House of Wisdom">House of Wisdom</a> Era in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, when Arab scientists absorbed pre-Islamic Indian and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greece" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> discoveries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-44" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[44]</a></sup> This gave rise to the system of Indo-Arabic numerals. Writing in 1154, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Idrisi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Al-Idrisi">Al-Idrisi</a> noted a busy shipping route between Chittagong and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basra" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Basra">Basra</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-45" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-45" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[45]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Subsequent Muslim conquest absorbed the culture and achievements of pre-Islamic Bengali civilization in the new Islamic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polity" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Polity">polity</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google2_46-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google2-46" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[46]</a></sup> Muslims adopted indigenous customs and traditions, including dress, food, and way of life. This included the wearing of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sari" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sari">sari</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bindu_(symbol)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bindu (symbol)">bindu</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangle" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangle">bangles</a> by Muslim women; and art forms in music, dance, and theater.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google2_46-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google2-46" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[46]</a></sup> Muslim rule reinforced the process of conversion through the construction of mosques, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasa" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Madrasa">madrasas</a> and Sufi <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khanqah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Khanqah">Khanqahs</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-47" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-47" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[47]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The Islamic conquest of Bengal began when <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhtiar_Khilji" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bakhtiar Khilji">Bakhtiar Khilji</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a> conquered northern and western Bengal in 1204.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-48" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-48" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[48]</a></sup> The Delhi Sultanate gradually annexed the whole of Bengal over the next century. By the 14th century, an independent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Sultanate" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengal Sultanate">Bengal Sultanate</a> was established.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Bengal_Sultanate_1576_49-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-The_Bengal_Sultanate_1576-49" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[49]</a></sup> The rulers of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Wink2003_50-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-Wink2003-50" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[50]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Uhlig2003_51-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-Uhlig2003-51" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[51]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Embree1988_52-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-Embree1988-52" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[52]</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyas_Shahi_dynasty" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ilyas Shahi dynasty">Ilyas Shahi dynasty</a> built the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adina_Mosque" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Adina Mosque">largest mosque in South Asia</a>, and cultivated strong diplomatic and commercial ties with <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ming_China" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ming China">Ming China</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google3_53-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google3-53" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[53]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-54" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-54" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[54]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalaluddin_Muhammad_Shah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah">Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah</a> was the first Bengali convert on the throne.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_Bengal_Sultanate_1576_49-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-The_Bengal_Sultanate_1576-49" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[49]</a></sup> The Bengal Sultanate was noted for its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cultural pluralism">cultural pluralism</a>.<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslims" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindus" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhists" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a> jointly formed its civil-military services. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussain_Shahi_dynasty" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hussain Shahi dynasty">Hussain Shahi sultans</a> promoted the development of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_literature" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengali literature">Bengali literature</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-55" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-55" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[55]</a></sup> It brought <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Arakan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kingdom of Arakan">Arakan</a> under its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzerainty" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> for 100 years.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-56" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-56" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[56]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The sultanate was visited by numerous world explorers, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_de%27_Conti" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Niccolò de' Conti">Niccolò de' Conti</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Republic of Venice">Venice</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Battuta</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admiral_Zheng_He" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Admiral Zheng He">Admiral Zheng He</a> of China. However, by the 16th century, the Bengal Sultanate began to disintegrate. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sur_Empire" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sur Empire">Sur Empire</a> overran Bengal in 1532 and built the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Road" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Grand Trunk Road">Grand Trunk Road</a>. Hindu <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Raja">Rajas</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baro-Bhuyan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Baro-Bhuyan">Baro-Bhuyan</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamindar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Zamindar">zamindars</a> gained control of large parts of the region, especially in the fertile<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhati" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhati">Bhati</a> zone. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isa_Khan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Isa Khan">Isa Khan</a> was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajput" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rajput">Rajput</a> leader of the Baro-Bhuyans based in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonargaon" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sonargaon">Sonargaon</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-57" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-57" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[57]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
In the late 16th-century, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> led by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_the_Great" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Akbar the Great">Akbar the Great</a> began conquering the Bengal delta after the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tukaroi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Battle of Tukaroi">Battle of Tukaroi</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-58" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-58" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[58]</a></sup>where he defeated the Bengal Sultanate's last rulers, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karrani_dynasty" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Karrani dynasty">Karrani dynasty</a>. Dhaka was established as the Mughal provincial capital in 1608. The Mughals faced stiff resistance from the Baro-Bhuyans, Afghan warlords and zamindars, but were ultimately successful in conquering the whole of Bengal by 1666, when the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto_Grande_De_Bengala" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Porto Grande De Bengala">Portuguese</a> and Arakanese were expelled from Chittagong. Mughal rule ushered economic prosperity, agrarian reform and flourishing external trade, particularly in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslin" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Muslin">muslin</a> and silk textiles. Mughal Viceroys promoted agricultural expansion and turned Bengal into the rice basket of the Indian subcontinent. The Sufis gained increasing prominence. The<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baul" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Baul">Baul</a> movement, inspired by Sufism, also emerged under Mughal rule. The Bengali ethnic identity further crystallized during this period, and the region's inhabitants were given sufficient autonomy to cultivate their own customs and literature. The entire region was brought under a stable long-lasting administration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google3_53-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google3-53" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[53]</a></sup> By the 18th century, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Subah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengal Subah">Bengal Subah</a> included the dominions of Bengal proper, Bihar and<a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orissa_Subah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Orissa Subah">Orissa</a> and was the wealthiest part of the subcontinent, generating 50% of Mughal GDP.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-59" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-59" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[59]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-60" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-60" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[60]</a></sup> Its towns and cities were filled with Eurasian traders—<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaka" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a> became an important center of Mughal administration.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawabs_of_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Nawabs of Bengal">Nawabs of Bengal</a> established an independent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Principality">principality</a> in 1717, with their headquarters in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murshidabad" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Murshidabad">Murshidabad</a> and they granted increasing concessions to European trading powers. Matters reached a climax in 1757, when Nawab <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siraj-ud-Daulah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Siraj-ud-Daulah">Siraj-ud-Daulah</a> captured the British base at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_William,_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fort William, India">Fort William</a> in an effort to stem the rising influence of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="East India Company">East India Company</a>. Siraj-ud-Daulah was later betrayed by his general<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_Jafar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mir Jafar">Mir Jafar</a>, who helped <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Robert Clive">Robert Clive</a> defeat him at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Plassey" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Battle of Plassey">Battle of Plassey</a> on 23 June 1757.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-61" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-61" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[61]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-62" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-62" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[62]</a></sup></div>
<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-width: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="British_Bengal">British Bengal</span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft" style="background-color: white; clear: left; color: #222222; float: left; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 1.4em 1.3em 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:India_religion_map_1909_en.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1077" data-file-width="1368" height="173" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/India_religion_map_1909_en.jpg/220px-India_religion_map_1909_en.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/India_religion_map_1909_en.jpg/330px-India_religion_map_1909_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/India_religion_map_1909_en.jpg/440px-India_religion_map_1909_en.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:India_religion_map_1909_en.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
An <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Imperial Gazetteer of India">Imperial Gazetteer of India</a> map in 1909 shows prevailing majority religions in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="British India">British India</a>. Muslim majority areas are colored in green, including a part of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bengal_and_Assam" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eastern Bengal and Assam">Eastern Bengal and Assam</a> that corresponds to modern-day Bangladesh.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No._15_Curb_on_Wooden_Pontoons_Before_%22Putting_Afloat%22_(22589074256).jpg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="813" data-file-width="1000" height="179" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/No._15_Curb_on_Wooden_Pontoons_Before_%22Putting_Afloat%22_%2822589074256%29.jpg/220px-No._15_Curb_on_Wooden_Pontoons_Before_%22Putting_Afloat%22_%2822589074256%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/No._15_Curb_on_Wooden_Pontoons_Before_%22Putting_Afloat%22_%2822589074256%29.jpg/330px-No._15_Curb_on_Wooden_Pontoons_Before_%22Putting_Afloat%22_%2822589074256%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/No._15_Curb_on_Wooden_Pontoons_Before_%22Putting_Afloat%22_%2822589074256%29.jpg/440px-No._15_Curb_on_Wooden_Pontoons_Before_%22Putting_Afloat%22_%2822589074256%29.jpg 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No._15_Curb_on_Wooden_Pontoons_Before_%22Putting_Afloat%22_(22589074256).jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
The construction of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardinge_Bridge" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Hardinge Bridge">Hardinge Bridge</a>in Eastern Bengal and Assam, 1912</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bengal_PMs.png" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="600" data-file-width="1458" height="91" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bengal_PMs.png/220px-Bengal_PMs.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bengal_PMs.png/330px-Bengal_PMs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Bengal_PMs.png/440px-Bengal_PMs.png 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bengal_PMs.png" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
The statesmen pictured, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin</a>and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huseyn_Shaheed_Suhrawardy" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy">H. S. Suhrawardy</a>, served as the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prime Minister of Bengal">Prime Minister of Bengal</a> in the British Raj</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The defeat of the last independent Nawab of Bengal at the Battle of Plassey ushered in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Company rule in India">rule of the British East India Company</a> in 1757, with the British displacing the ruling Muslim class of Bengal.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-63" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-63" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[63]</a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> was established in 1765, with <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcutta" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> as its capital. The<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_Settlement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Permanent Settlement">Permanent Settlement</a> created a feudal system and as a result, a number of deadly famines struck the region.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutiny_of_1857" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mutiny of 1857">Mutiny of 1857</a> was initiated in the Presidency of Bengal, with major revolts by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Army" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengal Army">Bengal Army</a> in <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacca" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dacca">Dacca</a>, Calcutta and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-64" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-64" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[64]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-65" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-65" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[65]</a></sup> Eastern Bengal witnessed numerous native rebellions, including the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faraizi_Movement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Faraizi Movement">Faraizi Movement</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a>, the activities of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titumir" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Titumir">Titumir</a>, the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong_armoury_raid" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chittagong armoury raid">Chittagong armoury raid</a> and revolutionary formations such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a>. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_Renaissance" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengal Renaissance">Bengal Renaissance</a> flowered as a result of educational and cultural institutions being established across the region, especially in East Bengal and the imperial colonial capital Calcutta. The Presidency of Bengal became the cradle of modern South Asian political and artistic expression. It included the notable contributions of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja_Ram_Mohan_Roy" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Raja Ram Mohan Roy">Raja Ram Mohan Roy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_Mosharraf_Hossain" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mir Mosharraf Hossain">Mir Mosharraf Hossain</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishwar_Chandra_Vidyasagar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar">Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Syed_Ahmed_Khan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sir Syed Ahmed Khan">Sir Syed Ahmed Khan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Bahadur_Ahsanullah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah">Khan Bahadur Ahsanullah</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabindranath_Tagore" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rabindranath Tagore">Rabindranath Tagore</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Madhusudan_Dutt" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Michael Madhusudan Dutt">Michael Madhusudan Dutt</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kazi Nazrul Islam">Kazi Nazrul Islam</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begum_Rokeya" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Begum Rokeya">Begum Rokeya</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopal_Krishna_Gokhle" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Gopal Krishna Gokhle">Gopal Krishna Gokhle</a>, the mentor of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>, remarked that "what Bengal thinks today, India thinks tomorrow".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-66" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-66" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[66]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
During British rule, East Bengal developed a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation_economy" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Plantation economy">plantation economy</a> centred on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute_trade" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jute trade">jute trade</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_production_in_Bangladesh" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tea production in Bangladesh">tea production</a>. Its share in world jute supply peaked in the early 20th century, at over 80%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-67" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-67" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[67]</a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bengal_Railway" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eastern Bengal Railway">Eastern Bengal Railway</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assam_Bengal_Railway" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Assam Bengal Railway">Assam Bengal Railway</a> served as important trade routes, connecting the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Chittagong" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Port of Chittagong">Port of Chittagong</a> with a large hinterland.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
As a result of a growing demand for educational development in East Bengal, the British <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Bengal_(1905)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Partition of Bengal (1905)">partitioned Bengal</a> in 1905 and created the administrative division of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bengal_and_Assam" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Eastern Bengal and Assam">Eastern Bengal and Assam</a>. Based in Dhaka, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shillong" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Shillong">Shillong</a> as the summer capital and Chittagong as the chief port, the new province covered much of the northeastern subcontinent. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_India_Muslim_League" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="All India Muslim League">All India Muslim League</a> was formed in Dacca in 1906 and emerged as the standard bearer of Muslims in British India. The partitioning of Bengal outraged nationalist Hindus and anti-British Muslims, leading to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swadeshi_movement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Swadeshi movement">Swadeshi movement</a> by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>. The partitioning was annulled in 1911 after a protracted civil disobedience campaign engineered by the Congress.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Independence_Movement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian Independence Movement">Indian Independence Movement</a> enjoyed strong momentum in the Bengal region, including the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pakistan Movement">constitutional struggle</a> for the rights of Muslim minorities. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_Intellect_Movement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Freedom of Intellect Movement">Freedom of Intellect Movement</a> thrived in the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Dacca" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="University of Dacca">University of Dacca</a>. By the 1930s, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krishak_Praja_Party" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Krishak Praja Party">Krishak Praja Party</a> led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._K._Fazlul_Huq" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="A. K. Fazlul Huq">A. K. Fazlul Huq</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swaraj_Party" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Swaraj Party">Swaraj Party</a> led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittaranjan_Das" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chittaranjan Das">C. R. Das</a> came to represent the new Bengali middle class—Huq became the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prime Minister of Bengal">Prime Minister of Bengal</a> in 1937. With the breakdown of Hindu-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> unity in the British Raj, Huq allied with the Muslim League to present the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a> in 1940, which envisioned independent states in the eastern and northwestern subcontinent.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
During the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_World_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army_Air_Force" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Imperial Japanese Army Air Force">Japanese Air Force</a> conducted air raids in Chittagong in 1942, displacing several thousand people.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-68" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-68" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[68]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-69" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-69" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[69]</a></sup> The war-induced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a> claimed the lives of over a million people. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Allies of World War II">Allied forces</a> were stationed in bases across East Bengal in support of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma_Campaign" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a>, while <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_powers" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Axis powers">Axis</a>-allied <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhash_Chandra_Bose" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Subhash Chandra Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</a> also had a significant following in East Bengal.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a> formed a parliamentary government in Bengal in 1943, with Sir <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a> and later <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H._S._Suhrawardy" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="H. S. Suhrawardy">H. S. Suhrawardy</a> as its premiers. In 1946, the decisive victory of the Bengal Muslim League in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_provincial_elections,_1946" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian provincial elections, 1946">provincial elections</a> set the course for the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_British_India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Partition of British India">partitioning of British India</a> and the creation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a> on 14 August 1947.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Assam" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Colonial Assam">Assam</a> was partitioned in order to allow Bengali-speaking <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylhet_Division" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sylhet Division">Sylhet</a> to join <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a>. There was also an unsuccessful attempt to form a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="United Bengal">United Bengal</a>. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radcliffe_Line" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Radcliffe Line">Radcliffe Line</a> divided Bengal on religious grounds, ceding Hindu-majority districts to the Indian dominion, and making Muslim-majority districts the eastern wing of Pakistan.</div>
<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-width: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Eastern_wing_of_Pakistan">Eastern wing of Pakistan</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;">
Main articles: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="East Pakistan">East Pakistan</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dominion_of_Pakistan_%26_Indian_Controlled_Kashmir_(orthographic_projection).svg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="541" data-file-width="541" height="220" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dominion_of_Pakistan_%26_Indian_Controlled_Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Dominion_of_Pakistan_%26_Indian_Controlled_Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dominion_of_Pakistan_%26_Indian_Controlled_Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Dominion_of_Pakistan_%26_Indian_Controlled_Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dominion_of_Pakistan_%26_Indian_Controlled_Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Dominion_of_Pakistan_%26_Indian_Controlled_Kashmir_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dominion_of_Pakistan_%26_Indian_Controlled_Kashmir_(orthographic_projection).svg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a> in 1947, with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Bengal" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="East Bengal">East Bengal</a> as its eastern wing</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
East Bengal was the most populous province in the new <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="State of Pakistan">Pakistani federation</a> led by <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_General_of_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Governor General of Pakistan">Governor General</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> in 1947, with Dhaka as the provincial capital.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-collins_70-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-collins-70" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[70]</a></sup> While the State of Pakistan was created as a homeland for Muslims of the former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, East Bengal was also Pakistan's most cosmopolitan province, being home to peoples of different faiths, cultures and ethnic groups. In 1950,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reform" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Land reform">land reform</a> was accomplished in East Bengal with the abolition of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_settlement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Permanent settlement">permanent settlement</a> and the feudal zamindari system.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-71" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-71" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[71]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The successful <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_Language_Movement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengali Language Movement">Bengali Language Movement</a> in 1952 was the first sign of friction with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="West Pakistan">West Pakistan</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-72" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-72" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[72]</a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Unit" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="One Unit">One Unit</a> scheme renamed the province as East Pakistan in 1955. The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awami_League" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> emerged as the political voice of the Bengali-speaking population,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-73" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-73" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[73]</a></sup> with its leader H. S. Suhrawardy becoming <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a> in 1956. He was ousted after only a year in office due to tensions with West Pakistan's establishment and bureaucracy.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-74" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-74" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[74]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1956" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1956">1956 Constitution</a> ended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dominion of Pakistan">dominion status</a> with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_realm" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Commonwealth realm">Queen Elizabeth II</a> as the last monarch of the country. Dissatisfaction with the central government increased over economic and cultural issues. The provincial government of A. K. Fazlul Huq was dismissed on charges of inciting secession.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-75" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-75" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[75]</a></sup> In 1957, the radical left-wing populist leader <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulana_Bhashani" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Maulana Bhashani">Maulana Bhashani</a> warned that the eastern wing would <i>bid farewell</i> to Pakistan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-76" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-76" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[76]</a></sup></div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="1056" data-file-width="1374" height="169" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png/220px-21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png/330px-21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png/440px-21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png 2x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:21_Feb_1953_Dhaka_University_female_students_procession.png" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
Women students marching in defiance of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section_144" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Section 144">Section 144</a> prohibition on assembly, during the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengali_Language_Movement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bengali Language Movement">Bengali Language Movement</a> in 1952.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1958 Pakistani coup d'état">first Pakistani military coup</a> ushered in the dictatorship of <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan_(President_of_Pakistan)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)">Ayub Khan</a>. In 1962, Dacca was designated as the legislative capital of Pakistan in an appeasement of growing Bengali political nationalism.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-77" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-77" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[77]</a></sup> Khan's government also constructed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaptai_Dam" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Kaptai Dam">Kaptai Dam</a> which controversially displaced the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakma_people" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chakma people">Chakma population</a> from their indigenous homeland in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chittagong Hill Tracts">Chittagong Hill Tracts</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-78" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-78" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[78]</a></sup> During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_presidential_election,_1965" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pakistani presidential election, 1965">1965 presidential election</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatima_Jinnah" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Fatima Jinnah">Fatima Jinnah</a> failed to defeat Field Marshal Ayub Khan despite strong support in East Pakistan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-79" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-79" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[79]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
According to senior international bureaucrats in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, Pakistan applied extensive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_discrimination" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Economic discrimination">economic discrimination</a> against the eastern wing, including higher government spending on West Pakistan, financial transfers from East to West and the use of the East's foreign exchange surpluses to finance the West's imports.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google.co.nz_80-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google.co.nz-80" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[80]</a></sup> This was despite the fact that East Pakistan generated 70%<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-81" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-81" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[81]</a></sup> of Pakistan's export earnings with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jute" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Jute">jute</a> and tea.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google.co.nz_80-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google.co.nz-80" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[80]</a></sup> East Pakistani intellectuals crafted the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_point_movement" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Six point movement">Six Points</a> which called for greater regional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomy" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Autonomy">autonomy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Free trade">free trade</a> and economic independence. The Six Points were championed by Awami League President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a> in 1966, leading to his arrest by the government of President Field Marshal Ayub Khan on charges of treason. Rahman was released during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1969_uprising_in_East_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1969 uprising in East Pakistan">1969 popular uprising</a> which ousted President Khan from power.</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Ethnic and linguistic discrimination was abound in Pakistan's civil and military services, in which Bengalis were hugely under-represented. In Pakistan's central government, only 15% of offices were occupied by East Pakistanis and they formed only 10% of the military.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-82" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-82" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[82]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-83" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-83" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[83]</a></sup>Cultural discrimination also prevailed, causing the eastern wing to forge a distinct political identity.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-84" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-84" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[84]</a></sup> Pakistan imposed bans on Bengali literature and music in state media, including the works of Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-85" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-85" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[85]</a></sup> In 1970, a massive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_Bhola_cyclone" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1970 Bhola cyclone">cyclone</a> devastated the coast of East Pakistan killing up to half a million people;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-86" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-86" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[86]</a></sup> the central government was criticized for its poor response.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-countrystudies.us1_87-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-countrystudies.us1-87" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[87]</a></sup> After the elections of December 1970, calls for the independence of Bangladesh became stronger.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-88" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-88" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[88]</a></sup></div>
<h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); border-bottom-width: 0px; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em;">
<span class="mw-headline" id="Genocide_and_war_of_independence">Genocide and war of independence</span></h3>
<div class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" role="note" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: italic; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 1.6em;">
See also: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1971 Bangladesh genocide">1971 Bangladesh genocide</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a></div>
<div class="thumb tright" style="background-color: white; clear: right; color: #222222; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;">
<div class="thumbinner" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.1599998474121px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;">
<a class="image" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Concert_For_Bangladesh_Cover.jpg" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="" class="thumbimage" data-file-height="362" data-file-width="275" height="290" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/7d/Concert_For_Bangladesh_Cover.jpg/220px-Concert_For_Bangladesh_Cover.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/7d/Concert_For_Bangladesh_Cover.jpg 1.5x" style="background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;" width="220" /></a><br />
<div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; font-size: 12.370400428772px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;">
<div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;">
<a class="internal" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Concert_For_Bangladesh_Cover.jpg" style="-webkit-user-select: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%20standalone%3D%22no%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2011%2015%22%20width%3D%2215%22%20height%3D%2211%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3Cg%20id%3D%22magnify-clip%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%23000%22%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22bigbox%22%20d%3D%22M1.509%201.865h10.99v7.919h-10.99z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Cpath%20id%3D%22smallbox%22%20d%3D%22M-1.499%206.868h5.943v4.904h-5.943z%22%2F%3E%0A%20%20%20%20%3C%2Fg%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: #0b0080; display: block; height: 11px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 15px; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;" title="Enlarge"></a></div>
A DVD reissue cover of the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_for_Bangladesh" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Concert for Bangladesh">Concert for Bangladesh</a> held in 1971, which was the first <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefit_concert" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Benefit concert">benefit concert</a> in history and raised funds for refugees fleeing the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh genocide</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
The fury of the Bengali population was compounded when Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who led Awami League to win a majority in Parliament in the 1970 elections, was blocked from taking office.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-89" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-89" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[89]</a></sup> A massive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_disobedience" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> movement erupted across East Pakistan, with open calls for independence.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-90" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-90" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[90]</a></sup> Sheikh Mujibur Rahman addressed a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_March_Speech_of_Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="7th March Speech of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">huge pro-independence rally</a> in Dacca on 7 March 1971. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Bangladesh" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Flag of Bangladesh">Bangladeshi flag</a> was hoisted for the first time on 23 March 1971, Pakistan's <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Day_(Pakistan)" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Republic Day (Pakistan)">Republic Day</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-91" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-91" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[91]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
On the night of 25 March 1971, the Pakistani <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_junta" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Military junta">military junta</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-92" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-92" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[92]</a></sup> led by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Khan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan</a> launched <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Searchlight" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Operation Searchlight">Operation Searchlight</a>, a sustained military assault on East Pakistan,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-93" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-93" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[93]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-94" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-94" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[94]</a></sup> and detained the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister-elect" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Prime Minister-elect">Prime Minister-elect</a><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-95" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-95" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[95]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-96" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-96" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[96]</a></sup> under military custody.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-97" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-97" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[97]</a></sup> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Army" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a>, with the help of supporting militias, massacred Bengali <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Dhaka_University_massacre" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1971 Dhaka University massacre">students</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_killing_of_Bengali_intellectuals" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals">intellectuals</a>, politicians, civil servants and military defectors during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="1971 Bangladesh genocide">1971 Bangladesh genocide</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-98" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-98" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[98]</a></sup> Several million refugees fled to neighboring <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a>. Estimates for those killed throughout the war range between 300,000 and 3 million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-99" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-99" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[99]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
Global public opinion turned against Pakistan as news of atrocities spread,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google.com.bd1_100-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-google.com.bd1-100" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[100]</a></sup> with the Bangladesh Movement gaining support from prominent political and cultural figures in the West, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Harrison" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dylan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Baez" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Joan Baez">Joan Baez</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_Ocampo" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Victoria Ocampo">Victoria Ocampo</a>and <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andre_Malraux" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Andre Malraux">Andre Malraux</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-101" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-101" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[101]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-102" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-102" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[102]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-103" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-103" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[103]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-104" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-104" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[104]</a></sup> The <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_for_Bangla_Desh" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Concert for Bangla Desh">Concert for Bangla Desh</a> was held at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Madison Square Garden">Madison Square Garden</a> in New York City to raise funds for Bangladeshi refugees. It was the first major <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benefit_concert" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Benefit concert">benefit concert</a> in history and was organized by Beatles star George Harrison and Indian Bengali sitarist <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Shankar" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Ravi Shankar">Ravi Shankar</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-105" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-105" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[105]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
During the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">liberation war</a>, Bengali nationalists announced a <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshi_Declaration_of_Independence" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bangladeshi Declaration of Independence">declaration of independence</a> and formed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukti_Bahini" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mukti Bahini">Mukti Bahini</a> (the Bangladeshi National Liberation Army). The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_Bangladesh" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Provisional Government of Bangladesh">Provisional Government of Bangladesh</a> operated in exile from Calcutta, India. Led by General <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._A._G._Osmani" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="M. A. G. Osmani">M. A. G. Osmani</a> and eleven <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sectors_in_Bangladesh_Liberation_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="List of sectors in Bangladesh Liberation War">Sector Commanders</a>, the Mukti Bahini held the Bengali countryside during the war, and waged wide-scale <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_war" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Guerrilla war">guerrilla operations</a> against Pakistani forces. Neighboring India and its leader <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, a longstanding nemesis of Pakistan, provided crucial support to the Bangladesh Forces and intervened in support of the provisional government on 3 December 1971. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the United States dispatched naval forces to the Bay of Bengal amid a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> standoff during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1971">Indo-Pakistani War</a>. Lasting for nine months, the entire war ended with the <a class="mw-redirect" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrender_of_Pakistan" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Surrender of Pakistan">surrender of Pakistan's military</a> to the Bangladesh-India Allied Forces on 16 December 1971.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-laporte_106-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-laporte-106" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[106]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Rummel-8-2_107-0" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-Rummel-8-2-107" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[107]</a></sup> Under international pressure, Pakistan released Mujib from imprisonment on 8 January 1972, after which he was flown by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> to a million strong homecoming in Dhaka.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-108" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-108" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[108]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-109" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-109" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[109]</a></sup> Indian troops were withdrawn by 12 March 1972, three months after the war ended.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-110" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh#cite_note-110" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[110]</a></sup></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<a href="https://www.google.com/search?biw=1360&bih=604&q=bangladesh&oq=ban&gs_l=serp.3.0.0i20k1j0i131k1j0i67k1l2j0i20k1j0i67k1j0l3j0i67k1.6033.12242.0.14482.9.6.2.0.0.0.240.983.0j4j1.5.0....0...1.1.64.serp..2.7.1002.6..35i39k1j0i131i67k1.SI26-n6VjKY" target="_blank">The cause of Bangladeshi self-determination was widely recognized around the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google.com.bd1_100-1" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">[100]</span></span></sup> By the time of its admission for UN membership in August 1972, the new state was recognized by 86 countries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-google.com.bd1_100-2" style="font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><span style="color: #0b0080;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">[100]</span></span></sup> Pakistan recognized Bangladesh in 1974 after pressure from most of the</a></div>
</div>
ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-89076278311463598112017-07-21T12:27:00.001-07:002017-07-22T09:52:06.630-07:00Shakib Khan<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;"><b>Shakib Khan is a Bangladeshi film actor. He made his debut in Ananta Bhalobasha, though it did not lead to widespread fame. After a few years, Khan established himself as one of the most successful actors in Bangladeshi film history</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;"><b><br /></b></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDmUYjCOlGDXxUA2TzvpqDL7us67iKKAgRCApSo8IGbT_jTJC3lPo3pCN8JSlO5Y_BgJ1Mavg_GIv8qiTnKsnuac7FoA4nhcCtjrBrWw760cEqM8JNf_zBBf7jcCOycEJyUm3v5_k7uyCO/s1600/Shakib-Khan3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDmUYjCOlGDXxUA2TzvpqDL7us67iKKAgRCApSo8IGbT_jTJC3lPo3pCN8JSlO5Y_BgJ1Mavg_GIv8qiTnKsnuac7FoA4nhcCtjrBrWw760cEqM8JNf_zBBf7jcCOycEJyUm3v5_k7uyCO/s320/Shakib-Khan3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Khan married co-actor </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apu_Biswas" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="Apu Biswas">Apu Biswas</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> in a private wedding ceremony at Khan's Gulshan house in Dhaka on 18 April 2008, but kept it secret until 2017. Their son (Abraham khan Joy) was born on 27 September 2016.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-27" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakib_Khan#cite_note-27" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[27]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-28" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakib_Khan#cite_note-28" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[28]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-29" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakib_Khan#cite_note-29" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[29]</a></sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> Since 2011, Shakib Khan has been the president of the Film Artist Association till 18 May 2017.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-priyo20110520_30-0" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakib_Khan#cite_note-priyo20110520-30" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[30]</a></sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> He has also done some philanthropic work, such as supporting the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Savar_building_collapse" style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none;" title="2013 Savar building collapse">Rana Plaza</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> cause. On 10 February 2014 he launched his own <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ismailhosain.cse" target="_blank">production house</a></span>ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-52667716847341153582017-07-21T12:24:00.001-07:002017-07-22T09:30:24.953-07:00Shakib Al Hasan <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;">Shakib Al Hasan is a Bangladeshi international cricket player, former Test, ODI captain and current Twenty20 International captain, appointed in April 2017. He is well known for his aggressive batting, controlled bowling & athletic fielding</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16.1200008392334px;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHsHAzXqVvsMaKlDknn2MFcQ0ZtaA7ivUZdeftCylWFwB3HnkgOOlQxAZOIcxH8Hw5mVa1n5OSugQawp_AMWSVKJICojnmPSgW3OskmP8M65ZUdVWCFkB4wwf9-Nwri2j4RaB79aWhNjIc/s1600/shakib-al-hasan-ban.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="350" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHsHAzXqVvsMaKlDknn2MFcQ0ZtaA7ivUZdeftCylWFwB3HnkgOOlQxAZOIcxH8Hw5mVa1n5OSugQawp_AMWSVKJICojnmPSgW3OskmP8M65ZUdVWCFkB4wwf9-Nwri2j4RaB79aWhNjIc/s320/shakib-al-hasan-ban.png" width="220" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">Shakib holds numerous records in both domestic and international formats. As of 2016, he has played over 250 matches and scored more than 8000 runs including 9 centuries in ODI's, tests and T20 internationals, second most for a Bangladeshi cricketer. In July 2015, he got his 200th ODI wicket. With this achievement, Shakib became the seventh member of the elite club with at least 4,000 runs and 200 wickets. Currently he is the leading wicket taker for Bangladesh on ODI's. He is also one of only three players to score a century and take 10 wickets in the same Test match.</span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-12" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.1999998092651px; line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakib_Al_Hasan#cite_note-12" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;">[12]</a></sup><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px;"> His achievements on the pitch brought him numerous accolades, world and Asian XI call ups, Wisden recognition and established him as a national icon</span>ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-689465390971524231.post-45884198011146189652017-07-21T12:17:00.000-07:002017-07-22T09:25:50.409-07:00Android<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<b>Android is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Mobile operating system">mobile operating system</a> developed by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Google">Google</a>, based on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a> and designed primarily for<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreen" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Touchscreen">touchscreen</a> mobile devices such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computer" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a>. Android's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="User interface">user interface</a> is mainly based on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_manipulation_interface" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Direct manipulation interface">direct manipulation</a>, using touch gestures that loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping</b>, </div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixISEg5moXDRjidhUAqCFjZjYaNOS9aQpfWTu1JBwhNZhx3MeHGwaNYNowxw73k5ae2xHd7Ro7r3v-ZQ7chjcSaDLMSos2tyscxKSR4cC0jtBNty4fsACJqVNp_lYzDpOVyOn-gbACu_0D/s1600/as.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="171" data-original-width="295" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixISEg5moXDRjidhUAqCFjZjYaNOS9aQpfWTu1JBwhNZhx3MeHGwaNYNowxw73k5ae2xHd7Ro7r3v-ZQ7chjcSaDLMSos2tyscxKSR4cC0jtBNty4fsACJqVNp_lYzDpOVyOn-gbACu_0D/s320/as.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
<br /></div>
<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.3999996185303px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
tapping and pinching, to manipulate on-screen objects, along with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_keyboard" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Virtual keyboard">virtual keyboard</a> for text input. In addition to touchscreen devices, Google has further developed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_TV" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Android TV">Android TV</a> for televisions, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Auto" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Android Auto">Android Auto</a> for cars, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_Wear" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Android Wear">Android Wear</a> for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface. Variants of Android are also used on <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laptop" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Laptop">notebooks</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_console" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Video game console">game consoles</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_camera" style="background: none; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Digital camera">digital cameras</a>, and <a href="https://www.facebook.com/ismailhosain.cse" target="_blank">other electronics.</a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
ISMAIL45http://www.blogger.com/profile/08220316304920406797noreply@blogger.com0